EMV vulnerabilities
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The Zombie Card Flaw: Why Expired Visa Chips Still Work at POS Terminals
Visa made a design error in Kernel 3, the proprietary software specification that dictates how payment terminals talk to contactless Visa cards. While the baseline EMV standard defines general chip transactions, each card network writes its own kernel to handle contactless taps (Mastercard uses Kernel 2, Visa uses Kernel 3). The Zombie Card attack proved…